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Research and Discovery: Landmarks and Pioneers in American Science
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Comments/Reviews
Description: This encyclopedia is an overview of the history of science in America from colonial times to the present. Organized alphabetically within scientific discipline, the set is divided into fourteen sections that include overview essays tracing the historical development of the specific discipline in a cultural and social context; A-to-Z entries on people, institutions, events, developments, and significant concepts; and documents highlighting the development of the discipline. An extensive topic finder, bibliographic citations, and a general index round out this work.
Selected Contents:
Topic Finder
Contributors
Introduction
Section 1. Natural History
Essays
America as Image and Reality
The Search for a Natural History of America
Natural Theologians of Early America
The Frontier of Science
A-Z Entries
Acosta, Jos de; Beebe, William; Beverley, Robert; Brackenridge, Henry Marie; Catesby, Mark; Chapman, John ("Johnny Appleseed"); Colden, Cadwallader; Draper, John William; Dudleian Lecture; Dudley, Paul; Dwight, Timothy; Ecology; Franklin, Benjamin; Godman, John D.; Gyles, John; Hariot, Thomas; Jefferson, Thomas; Josselyn, John; Logan, James; Mather, Cotton; Mather, Increase; Muir, John; National Parks; Natural Theology; Naturalists of New France; Naturalists of New Spain; New Science; Norwood, Richard; Oviedo, Gonzalo; Peale, Titian; Peck, William Dandridge; Religion and Science; Roosevelt, Theodore; Smith, John; Thoreau, Henry David; Webster, Noah; Winthrop, James; Yellowstone National Park
Documents
Section 2. Geography
Essays
The First American Science
Early American Mountaineering
Exploring the Continent
A-Z Entries
Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz); American Geographical Society; Appalachian Mountain Club; Armstrong, Neil; Belknap, Jeremy; Belknap-Cutler Expedition; Bonneville, Benjamin Louis Eulalie de; Byrd, Richard Evelyn; Champlain, Samuel de; Clark, William; Collins, Michael; Columbus, Christopher; Dablon, Claude; Delisle, Guillaume; Dunbar-Hunter Expedition; Ellsworth, Lincoln; Frmont, John Charles; Glenn, John; Gosnold, Bartholomew; Hakluyt, Richard; Hennepin, Louis; Humboldt, Alexander von; Lawson, John; Lescarbot, Marc; Lewis and Clark Expedition; Lewis, Meriwether; Little, Daniel; Long, Stephen; Morse, Jedidiah; National Geographic Society; Peary, Robert; Pike Expeditions; Powell, John Wesley; Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe; Shepard, Alan; Sierra Club; Stefansson, Vilhjalmur; Townsend, John Kirk; Vizcano, Sebastin; Walker, Thomas; Whipple, Joseph; Wilkes Expedition; Wilkes, Charles
Documents
Section 3. Botany
Essays
Development of the Early American Materia Medica
The Explorer-Botanists of America
Linnaeus in America
A-Z Entries
Baldwin, William; Banister, John; Barton, Benjamin Smith; Bartram, John; Bartram, William Laura; Berlandier, Jean Louis; Bigelow, Jacob; Bradbury, John; Clayton, John; Colden, Jane; Cutler, Manasseh; Drummond, Thomas; Dunbar, William; Elliott, Stephen; Experimental Gardens; Forest Service, U.S.; Forestry; Garden, Alexander; Gray Herbarium; Gray, Asa; Harvard Botanic Garden; Horticulture; Mitchill, John; More, Thomas; Muehlenberg, Gotthilf; Henry Ernest; Nuttall, Thomas; Pickering, Charles; Plants and Photosynthesis; Pursh, Frederick; Russell, Thomas; Say, Thomas; Tuckerman, Edward
Documents
Section 4. Biology
Essays
The Biological Sciences in Early America
Paleontology: Challenges to Genesis in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Darwin in America
The Genetic Revolution
A-Z Entries
Audubon, John James; Axelrod, Julius; Bigelow, Henry; Biological Warfare; Bloch, Konrad; Burbank, Luther; Carson, Rachel; Carver, George Washington; Conservation Biology; Cope, Edward Drinker; Craniometry; Creation; DNA; Entomology; Eugenics; Evolution; Genetics; Gould, Stephen Jay; Holbrook, John Edwards; Hubbard, Ruth; Human Anatomy and Physiology; Human Genome; Hyatt, Alpheus; Ichthyology; Just, Ernest Everett; Kinsey, Alfred; Kornberg, Arthur; Lederberg, Joshua; Leidy, Joseph; Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole; Marsh, Othniel Charles; McClintock, Barbara; Microbiology; Mitchell, John; Molecular Biology; Morgan, Thomas Hunt; National Audubon Society; Oceanography; Ornithology; Osborn, Henry F.; Peterson, Roger Tory; Prescott, Samuel Cate; Scopes Trial; Spontaneous Generation; Sterilization Movement; Sutherland, Earl, Jr.; Taxonomy; Tobacco; Tuskegee Experiment;
Waksman, Selman Abraham; Watson, James; Wildlife Management; Wilson, Alexander; Wilson, Edward O.; Wistar, Caspar; Woodrow, James; Wright, Chauncey; Zoology; Zoos
Documents
Section 5. Medicine and Health
Essays
The Colonial American Approach to Medicine
The Revolution in Applied Health
Disease in America
A-Z Entries
Abortion; AIDS; Allen, Frederick Madison; Alzheimer's Disease ; American Dental Association; American Medical Association; American School for the Deaf; Anesthesia; Antibiotics; Autism; Autopsy; Ballard, Martha; Banting, Frederick Grant, Sir; Barber Surgeons; Bard, John; Barnard, Christiaan; Biggs, Hermann Michael; Blackwell, Elizabeth; Bleeding; Bowditch, Henry Ingersoll; Boylston, Zabdiel; Cadwalader, Thomas; Cancer and Cancer Research; Chalmers, Lionel; Channing, Walter; Chapin, Charles V.; Cooley, Denton; Cushing, Harvey Williams; Cytology; DeBakey, Michael E.; Dentistry; DeVries, William C.; Diabetes; Diphtheria; Douglass, William; Eddy, Mary Baker; Epidemiology; Ether; Fisher, Joshua; Flexner, Abraham; Flint, Austin; Forensic Medicine; Fuller, Samuel; Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins; Gene Therapy; Gorgas, William Crawford; Green, Horace;
Gynecology; Halsted, William; Hamilton, Dr. Alexander; Harvard Medical School; Hayward, George; Herbal Medicine; HMOs; Holistic Medicine; Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Sr.; Horner, William Edmonds; Hospitals; Humors and Humoral Theory; Hygiene; Immunology; Influenza; Influenza Epidemic (1918-1919); Inoculation; Itinerant Physicians; Jarvik, Robert; Jones, John; Koop, C. Everett; Life Expectancy; Lining, John; Long, Crawford; Massachusetts General Hospital; Mayo Clinic; Measles; Medical Education; Midwifery; Minot, George Richards; Morton, William; National Institutes of Health; New England Journal of Medicine ; Obstetrics; Osler, William; Penicillin; Pennsylvania Hospital; Pesthouse; Physick, Philip Syng; Polio; Public Health; Reed, Walter ; Rush, Benjamin ; Sabin, Albert ; Salk, Jonas ; Sanatorium; Sanger, Margaret; Scarlet Fever; Shattuck, George; Shumway, Norman; Smallpox;
Spock, Benjamin; Sternberg, George Miller; Still, Andrew Taylor; Surgery; Taussig, Helen; Tennent, John; Tetanus; Typhoid Fever; Vaccination; Waterhouse, Benjamin; Whipple, George H.; Williams, Daniel Hale; Wolcott, Erastus Bradley; Women's Health; Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman; Yellow Fever; Zakrzewska, Marie Elizabeth
Documents
Section 6. Geosciences
Essays
Weather in Early America
Reconstructing the Geological Past
The Revolution in Meteorology
A-Z Entries
Agassiz, Louis; American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac; Aurora Borealis; Balloons, Hot Air; Bathysphere; Bentley, Wilson Alwyn; Climatology; Coast and Geodetic Survey, U.S.; Continental Drift; Dana, James Dwight ; Dark Day; Drake, Edwin L.; Earthquakes and Seismology; Eaton, Amos; Espy, James Pollard; Geologic Time; Geological Society of America; Geological Surveys; Geomagnetism; Glaciers; Global Warming; Godfrey, Thomas; Hitchcock, Edward; Hydrology; Ionosphere; Maclure, William; Mariner's Quadrant; Maury, Matthew; Mount Washington Observatory; National Hurricane Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Weather Service; Oil Drilling and Exploration; Ozone; Red River Meteorite; Richter, Charles; San Francisco Earthquake; Sedimentary Rocks; Time Zones; Volcanoes and Vulcanology; Weather Forecasting
Documents
Section 7. Social Sciences
Essays
Discovering the Human Past: Anthropology in Early America
From Modernization to Globalization
Social Sciences
Economics
A-Z Entries
American Indian Science; American Indians; American Sociological Association; Archaeology; Benedict, Ruth; Boas, Franz; Cooley, Charles; Cultural Anthropology; Cultural Relativism; Dewey, John; Dix, Dorothea Lynde; Ethnology; Fogel, Robert; Hooton, Earnest A.; Humanism; Indian Origins; Inkeles, Alex; International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences ; Kuznets, Simon; Laissez-Faire Economics; Malinowski, Bronislaw; Marxism; Mead, Margaret; Morgan, Lewis; Mumford, Lewis; Parsons, Talcott; Physical Anthropology; Race; Scientific Racism; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; Strachey, William; Sutherland, Edwin Hardin; Urbanization; Veblen, Thorstein; Williams, Roger; Wirth, Louis
Documents
Section 8. Behavioral Sciences
Essays
The Puritan Understanding of Self
The Developing Science of the Mind
Psychoanalysis in America
A-Z Entries
American Journal of Psychology ; American Psychological Association; Beard, George M.; Behaviorism; Bettelheim, Bruno; Collective Behavior; Ego; Erikson, Erik; Gesell, Arnold; Hall, G. Stanley; Horney, Karen; I.Q.; Id; Insanity; James, William; Lifton, Robert; Maslow, Abraham; Mead, George Herbert; Mental Health; Mitchell, S. Weir; Neurasthenia; Neurosis; Pragmatism; Psychiatry; Rhine, J.B.; Rogers, Carl; Sheldon, William; Skinner, B.F.; Sullivan, Harry Stack; Superego; Watson, John B.
Documents
Section 9. Astronomy
Essays
The New Science and Puritanism
The American Astronomer
American Women in Astronomy
A-Z Entries
Almanacs; Astrology; Big Bang Theory; Black Holes; Bond, William; Boston Philosophical Society; Bowditch, Nathaniel; Cannon, Annie Jump; Clark, Alvan; Comets; Draper, Henry; Extraterrestrials; Gregorian Calendar; Hale, George Ellery; Hall, Asaph; Harvard College Observatory; Hubble Telescope; Hubble, Edwin Powell; Jansky, Karl; Keeler, James; Lowell, Percival; Mitchell, Maria; Moons of Other Planets; Mount Wilson Observatory; Navigation; Newcomb, Simon; Observatories; Palomar Observatory; Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Pickering, Edward; Pluto, Discovery of; Poor Richard's Almanack; Ptolemaic System; Sagan, Carl; Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence; Shoemaker, Eugene Merle; Sirius B, Discovery of; Tombaugh, Clyde; Transit of Planets; U.S. Naval Observatory
Documents
Section 10. Physics
Essays
Aristotelian Physics in Colonial America
Newtonian Physics and Early American Science
Benjamin Franklin, American Physicist
A-Z Entries
Alvarez, Luis; Anderson, Carl David; Bethe, Hans Albrecht; Cold Fusion; Compton, Arthur Holly; Cyclotron; Einstein, Albert; Fermi, Enrico; Feynman, Richard; Fission; Fusion; Gell-Mann, Murray; Gravity; Greenwood, Isaac; Hollis Professorship; Kinnersley, Ebenezer; Lawrence, Ernest; Light; Light, Speed of; Magnetism; Mayer, Maria Goeppert; Michelson-Morley Experiment; Millikan, Robert; Particle Physics; Pauli, Wolfgang; Prince, John; Principia Mathematica ; Quantum Physics; Rabi, I.I.; Ramsey, Norman; Relativity; Rittenhouse, David; Spectroscopy; Superconductivity; Teller, Edward; Thermodynamics; Thompson, Benjamin [Count Rumford]; Uncertainty Principle; Wheeler, John; Wigner, Eugene; Winthrop, John, IV
Documents
Section 11. Chemistry
Essays
The American Chemist
Eighteenth-Century Chemistry in America
The Plastics Revolution
A-Z Entries
Calvin, Melvin; Carothers, Wallace; Celluloid; Chemical Society of Philadelphia; Conant, James; Dow Chemical; Giauque, William; Hall, Lloyd Augustus; Inorganic Chemistry; Libby, William; Maclean, John; Nylon; Onsager, Lars; Organic Chemistry; Patent Medicine; Pauling, Linus; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmacology; Phlogiston; Pinkham, Lydia; Priestley, Joseph; Radiocarbon Dating; Remsen, Ira; Seaborg, Glenn Theodore; Silliman, Benjamin; Squibb, Edward R.; Starkey, George; Urey, Harold Clayton; Vulcanization; Winthrop, John, Jr.
Documents
Section 12. Mathematics and Computer Science
Essays
Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometry
The Computer Revolution
The Internet
A-Z Entries
American Mathematical Society; Apple Computer; Applied Mathematics; Banneker, Benjamin; Brownian Motion; Bush, Vannevar; Calculus; Chaos Theory; Computer Applications; Cybernetics; ENIAC; Farrar, John; Forrester, Jay Wright; Gibbs, Josiah Willard; Gorenstein, Daniel; Hollerith, Herman; Howard Aiken; Levinson, Norman; Mark I; Microsoft; Number Theory; Peirce, Benjamin; Peirce, Charles S.; SAGE; Statistics; UNIVAC; Von Neumann, John; Whirlwind; Wiener, Norbert
Documents
Section 13. Applied Science
Essays
The American Inventor
The Bounty of North America
Science and the Industrial Revolution
Albert Einstein and Atomic Power
A-Z Entries
Agricultural Engineering; Agricultural Experiment Stations; Agriculture; Agronomy; American Indian Canoes; Apollo, Project; Army Corps of Engineers; Atomic Bomb; Atomic Energy Commission; Bell, Alexander Graham; Boeing; Brooklyn Bridge; Clocks and Timepieces; Deere, John; Duryea, Charles; Eastman, George; Edison, Thomas Alva; Electricity; Electron Microscope; Eliot, Jared; Erie Canal; Factories; Ford, Henry; Fuller, R. Buckminster; Gemini, Project; Girdling; Goddard, Robert Hutchings; Goodyear, Charles; Gun Manufacturing; Hoover Dam; Hydroelectricity; Hydrogen Bomb; Ironworks, Colonial; Kettering, Charles F.; Land Grant Universities; Land, Edwin; Laser; Latimer, Lewis Howard; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Lindbergh, Charles Augustus; Manhattan Project; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; McCormick, Cyrus Hall; Mercury, Project; Mills;
Morse, Samuel F.B.; NASA; Nautilus ; Nuclear Energy; Oppenheimer, Julius Robert; Pathfinder, Mars; Photography; Pinckney, Eliza Lucas; Plutonium; Popular Science Magazine ; Radio; Satellites; Shipbuilding; Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich; Singer, Isaac; Slater, Samuel; Space Probes; Space Shuttle; Space Station; Steam Engine; Synthetic Rubber; Telegraph; Telephone; Television; Three Mile Island; Transcontinental Railroad; U.S. Mint; Uranium; von Braun, Wernher; West, Joseph; Whitney, Eli; Woods, Granville; Wright, Orville
Documents
Section 14. History and Philosophy of Science
Essays
History as Science
The Philosophy of Science
The History of Science
The Sociology of Science
A-Z Entries
Adams, Henry; African American Scientists; American Academy of Arts and Sciences; American Antiquarian Society; American Association for the Advancement of Science; American Historical Association; American Museum of Natural History; American Philosophical Society; Arminianism; Deism; Field Museum of Natural History; Harvard Museum of Natural History; Hazard, Ebenezer; Hempel, Carl Gustav; Hermeneutics; Kuhn, Thomas; Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard University; Massachusetts Historical Society; Morison, Samuel Eliot; National Academy of Sciences; National Science Foundation; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Royal Society of London; Sarton, George; Science; Scientific American ; Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University; Smithsonian Institution; Spelman College; Taylor, Frederick
Documents
American Nobel Laureates in Science
Bibliography
Index
Review(s): This excellent introduction to the history of American science will serve high school, public and undergraduate collections. Gale Reference Reviews
Aimed at the student and general reader, this overview of the events, discoveries, and 'movers and shakers' who contributed to science development and understanding in North America is a boon to libraries. ... its content makes it well worth considering for high-school, public, and college libraries. This could be an excellent high-school teaching resource on the history of science. Booklist
The volumes are attractively laid out, and the set features black-and-white illustrations, a thorough index, and even collections of a few primary documents at the close of each section. Research and Discovery will be useful for high school libraries and a worthwhile acquisition for colleges. ... Recommended. Lower- and upper-level undergraduates; general readers. Choice
...a worthwhile purchase for high school, college, and public libraries. American Reference Books Annual, Vol. 40
The essays and documents will be appreciated by science teachers. This is a nice addition to the high school science reference collection. Joyce Valenza, Pennsylvania School Librarians Association
Aimed at high school and undergraduate students, this work will provide a good overview of the history and development of American science and technology. This three-volume set includes subjects not found in other works. Recommended for high school, college, and public libraries. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship
    
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